What makes an egyptian dynasty

Hatshepsut Amenhotep II Thutmose IV Amenhotep III Akhenaten Tutankhamun Haremhab Ramesses I Seti I Merneptah Amenmesse Siptah Ramesses III Ramesses IV Hight Priests HP of Amun.

HP Herihor. Third Intermediate Period. HP Djedkhonsefankh. HP Painedjem II. Dynasty 22 Libyan. Late Period. Dynasty 25 Nubian. Piye establishes Nubian Dynasty in Egypt.

Shabaqo Shebitqo Taharqo loses control of Lower Egypt Tanutamani loses control of Upper Egypt. Dynasty 26 Saite. Psamtik I X. Apries Modern-day scholars often group these dynasties into several periods. Dynasties one and two date back around 5, years and are often called the "early dynastic" or "archaic" period. The first pharaoh of the first dynasty was a ruler named Menes or Narmer, as he is called in Greek.

He lived over 5, years ago, and while ancient writers sometimes credited him as being the first pharaoh of a united Egypt we know today that this is not true — there was a group of Egyptian rulers that predated Menes. Scholars sometimes refer to these pre-Menes rulers as being part of a "dynasty zero.

Dynasties date from roughly — B. During this time pyramid building techniques were developed and the pyramids of Giza were built. From — B. Why the Old Kingdom collapsed is a matter of debate among scholars, with recent research indicating that drought and climate change played a significant role.

During this time other cities and civilizations in the Middle East also collapsed, with evidence at archaeological sites indicating that a period of drought and arid climate hit sites across the Middle East. Dynasties 12, 13, as well as part of the 11 th are often called the "Middle Kingdom" by scholars and lasted from ca. At the start of this dynasty, a ruler named Mentuhotep II who reigned until about B.

Among the surviving texts is the Edwin Smith surgical papyrus, which includes a variety of medical treatments that modern-day medical doctors have hailed as being advanced for their time.

Dynasties are often lumped into the "second intermediate period" by modern-day scholars. During this time central government again collapsed in Egypt, with part of the country being occupied by the "Hyksos" a group from the Levant an area that encompasses modern-day Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. One gruesome find from this time period is a series of severed hands , cut off from their human victims, which were found at a palace at the city of Avaris, the capital of Hyksos-controlled Egypt.

The cut-off hands may have been presented by soldiers to a ruler in exchange for gold. Scholars often refer to dynasties as encompassing the "New Kingdom," a period that lasted ca. This time period takes place after the Hyksos had been driven out of Egypt by a series of Egyptian rulers and the country was reunited. Perhaps the most famous archaeological site from this time period is the Valley of the Kings , which holds the burial sites of many Egyptian rulers from this time period, including that of Tutankhamun reign ca.

Dynasties a period from ca. The central government was sometimes weak during this time period and the country was not always united.

During this time cities and civilizations across the Middle East had been destroyed by a wave of people from the Aegean , whom modern-day scholars sometimes call the "Sea Peoples. Dynasties date ca. Egypt was sometimes under the control of foreign powers during this period.

The rulers of the 25 th dynasty were from Nubia, an area now located in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. The Persians and Assyrians also controlled Egypt at different times during the late period.

Often referred to as a "dark period" in Ancient Egyptian history , it was marked by competing kings, political upheaval and the destruction of many temples and their artwork.

The period between and BCE, ruled by the 11th to the 13th dynasties , is known as the Middle Kingdom. The eleventh dynasty marked the start of Thebes , on which the modern city of Luxor was built, as capital of Egypt.

The high points of this era saw Egypt expanding south into Nubia and enjoying great economic prosperity, however the thirteen dynasty saw its decline, with the arrival of the Hyksos, the "rulers of foreign lands" , from Asia. They ruled the country for several dynasties until Ahmose I, the first Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, waged war on them.