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Griffith adapted The Clansman as The Birth of a Nation , one of the very first feature-length films and the first to screen in the White House. Among the variety of Klansman costumes in the film, there appeared a new one: the one-piece, full-face-masking, pointed white hood with eyeholes, which would come to represent the modern Klan. Maybe it was Griffith who brought those pieces of fabric together in their soon-to-be iconic form; after all, his mother had sewn costumes for his Klansman father.

Or, given the heterogeneity of Reconstruction Klan costumes, maybe Griffith got the idea from another source altogether: Freemason regalia. What we do know is that the blockbuster popularity of The Birth of a Nation gave free advertising to a traveling fraternal order organizer, former Methodist minister, and garter salesman, William J. The lynching of Leo Frank had inspired Simmons to form a new anti-Semitic, nativist fraternity. Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler to launch a massive campaign that attracted , new members in 16 months.

Kleagles, or recruiters, arranged minstrel shows and screenings of The Birth of a Nation and other pro-Klan films. The sumptuous, full-color, mail-order Catalog of Official Robes and Banners advertised all the standardized, factory-made hoods for the new hierarchy: Klansman white cotton denim hood, red tassel ; Terror same hood, along with a red waist cord ; Special Terror white satin hood, three red silk tassels. The new Klan courted mainstream Protestant, nativist, white supremacist respectability; senators, Supreme Court justices, and governors joined up.

The hoods made Klan membership cool; they helped rebrand the Klan as a popular, patriotic, money-making, white clubhouse movement. In order to accomplish this, groups need to gain as much widespread recognition as they can. While most people recognize the infamous hood and white robes of the s Klan, early Klan costumes were homemade, individualized and much more bizarre. Historian Elaine Parsons notes that early Klan costumes were composed of animal skins, horns, conical hats and gowns featuring a range of colors and patterns.

Like the early Ku Klux Klan, the viral spread of the QAnon conspiracy theory has been driven through spectacle. Chansley admitted as much. Other members of the movement are keenly aware of how their clothing can work to influence others.

The traditional Klan robe is white, although over time, many groups have adopted their own color system. Robes may also have stripes. They can be any color, depending on the group and its policies. Robes come in satin or cotton. Ruth blesses each robe before sending them off. Here, she is holding a new, red satin robe against her chest as she blesses it. Ruth holds a new robe close to her as she blesses it before sending the robe off to the customer.

In the middle of preparing dinner for her family, Ms. Ruth gets interrupted by a phone call requesting information on the various ceremonial robe colors. A picture of Nathan Bedford Forrest, one of the founders of the KKK, is displayed in the living room just outside the kitchen. A young child wears a new white Klan robe made by Ms.

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Support our journalism Help Mother Jones ' reporters dig deep with a tax-deductible donation. Mag Promo Independent. In print. Today, then, there is no universal set of meanings behind Klan robes and their colors and symbols; Klans can very greatly from one to the next.

With most Klan groups, the general membership wear white robes. In some cases, Klan officers also wear white robes, but with colored stripes on them to indicate rank. In other Klan groups, Klan officers are allowed to wear robes of other colors: black, green, purple, etc. What color indicates indicates a particular rank can vary from one group to the next.

Generally speaking, white robes tend to indicate a rank-and-file member, unless all members wear such robes.



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